Saturday, January 25, 2020

Importance Of A View From The Bridge Film

Importance Of A View From The Bridge Film A View from the Bridge is a play written by Arthur Miller in 1955 when he was living in New York. In the 1950s New York was a very showbiz and glamorous place back in the days and was known as the centre of the world, it attracted thousands of illegal immigrants from all over the world, especially from countries like Italy. The people who came to America were looking for a better quality of life which is the case for two of the characters within this play. Miller uses various techniques and storylines to create tension for the audience such as the threat of the discovery of the two illegal immigrants, Marco and Rodolpho. The unusual tension in-between brings terror to a tragic protagonist. Miller wrote this play as a Modern Greek tragedy. Arthur Miller uses a true story he previously heard to grab the audience. Re-written in his own words, Arthur Miller bought the controversial ideas of incest, culture and masculinity. Based on Arthur Millers play, I am going to analyse the dramatic tension built up in Act 1 and it follows on to Act 2. I will be looking at uses the characters, stage directions, props, lighting, language, and setting as these dramatic devices help to build up the dramatic tension for the audience. The play is set in a ghetto community of Sicilian Italians. It is known as the Red Hook Community. Most Italians at that time lived in poor areas rather than regular Americans who lived in richer areas or upstate. During the 1950s the Italians that lived in America had working class jobs. They had work such as being dockworkers and longshoremen in Brooklyn harbour. The characters in the play also work as dockworkers. However the women stayed at home cooked, cleaned and raised the children while the men worked and they would take lead of the family like a patriarchal figure. The idea of women ruling was frowned upon in the Italian culture. Alfieri an old wise lawyer is the main narrator of this play. He tells the play as a review from the very beginning and informs it is not what but how means that even though we know the end result its how the end result happens in such an unexpected but inevitable way that it grips us and leaves us in shock even after the end. Alfieri speaks mostly fact, so the audience automatically believes his sown opinion. The playwright presents him in the role of a chorus, from an ancient Greek play. The chorus was a figure who watched the action and commented on it, addressing the audience directly. Alfieri is a vital part of the play. He adds grandeur to the play and sets it in a wider context and broadens the subjects of people, humanity, and our society. Alfieri clarifies the real meaning of events for the audience. He raises the many issues of the play. Alfieri does this by delivering a speech after a dramatic event and makes the audience reflect on this episode. He also prepares the audie nce with a speech for an upcoming incident. Alfieri also symbolises God. He looks down on the carelessness of others but he is powerless to stop any events in the play. The play is divided into two acts. The first act establishes the tensions between Eddie, Catherine, Rodolfo and Beatrice. The second act activates these tensions and gradually builds until the altercated climax. Alfieri breaks up these acts into short episodes and does this by providing a commentary on events. The characters are a vital element in the play, and are the basis of the drama. Eddie is portrayed as a well-respected, hardworking, ordinary man. He is loyal to his family and is presented as a kind character. He was as good a man as he had to be in a life that was hard and even. Alfieri explains this at the beginning of the play, and this emphasizes that Eddie is an honorable, decent person. However, as soon as a catalyst is introduced, another side to Eddie is revealed, and his true feelings for Catherine exposed. What are the high heels for Garbo? Eddie says this to Catherine, in front of the cousins, to deliberately humiliate her. Eddie sees Catherines attention towards Rodolfo and becomes jealous. This sexual jealousy grows throughout the play and the audiences realize that what did seem like over-protectiveness is in fact romantic obsession for Catherine. This disgusts the audience and so they begin to turn against Eddie. Eddies connection to Catherine is his flaw. Eddies acti ons for Catherine become too obvious. His eyes were like tunnels. Alfieri says this to describe Eddie. It suggests that Eddie only focuses on one thing which is Catherine. This is obvious when Eddie calls Immigration to snitch on Marco and Rodolfo. It highlights Eddies desperation and loss of rational thinking as he acts on the contrary of his own strong beliefs, which he outlined at the beginning of the play with the consequences of Vinnie Banzalos betrayal. The characters are all involved in very tangled relationships and this brings a lot of confusion. Beatrice is jealous of Eddies love for Catherine. When am I gonna be a wife again Eddie? She is very frustrated with her husband, but he will not face the reality of the situation. Eddie expects Beatrice to support him, as wives were supposed at that time. So when Beatrice defends Catherine Eddie cannot understand why his wife is deliberately defying him as he believes he is being perfectly reasonable. The characters all have different personalities and lifestyles. The biggest contrasts are the two brothers. Rodolfo represents a fun, carefree, ambitious, entertainer. However, Marco is a serious and hardworking person who is in America to earn money for his family. This variety of characters adds depth to the play and allows the audience to relate to each of them. Eddie hints that Rodolfo is homosexual due to his feminine characteristics. He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses. Eddie says this as a bitter response to hurt Rodolfo. The reason he mentions this is because, he feels threatened and thinks Rodolfo is stealing Catherine from him. The set, properties, and lighting also increase the dramatic tension in the play. The set is not real, although it does need to show some reality. The set arrangement enables the inside of the apartment, the street outside, and Alfieris office all to be represented without any scene changes. This arrangement means that the lighting is essential as it indicates which part of the set is in use. The lighting is also important as it is used to draw focus to a particular character or event. A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage; a faint, lonely blue. This is an example of when light is used to symbolise a characters thoughts. As the light grows brighter, it represents Eddies determination to call the immigration office. This lighting effect acts as a viewpoint for the audience and emphasises the phone, making the whole event more dramatic. The lights have gone down, leaving him in a glow. This stage direction occurs after Eddies death. The darkness signifies and e nd, and also the sorrow felt by Eddies loved ones. The lighting creates a very intense atmosphere. The props on set add realism and interest to the play. The characters can interact with the props so there is more action and a greater impression of everyday life. They add texture to the scene and give the characters something to react with. Beatrice is taking down Christmas decorations and packing them in a box. The props in this scene are much explicated as they inform the audience of the time of year. This could be interpreted as if the joy and excitement of Christmas is over and this so is the end of the happiness in the family as the immigration officers are about to arrive. The language in the play allows the audience to know the characters relationships, emotions and thoughts. It is the most obvious feature of drama. The dialogue in the play also separates the characters. Alfieri is the only clear, powerful speaker in the play as the other entire characters converse in slang. They use the wrong tenses and shorten words, for example; sumpm and talkin'. Miller uses this language to create a working-class, poor environment. Pauses are a very effective way to create dramatic tension. The audience is not used to silence, so when the characters are quiet it has great impact. The silence is usually due to a dramatic event and it allows the audience to absorb the full impact of the situation. These pauses create suspense and the audience wants to know what will happen next. Eddie uses language to distance Rodolfo as he is jealous of him. He is coming more and more to address Marco only. This shows how Eddie disregards Rodolfo and tries to exclude him from the conversation. Eddie uses language to subtly show his contempt for Rodolfo. How the character performs the dialogue is an important factor as devices such as sarcasm can change the meaning of the speech. Eddie often says things, concerning Rodolfo, which have a different meaning. He sings, he cooks, he could make dresses. Eddie says this to humiliate Rodolfo, implying that he is homosexual, even though it is in fact a compliment as these are his talents. The actors tone of voice also has a great effect on the meaning of the speech. The language of a character gives the audience an insight into their personality. Marco seldom speaks. This could be due to his poor English, but it could also show that he is a man of action, not words and he spends most of his time deep in thought. Each part of the set suggests particular themes in the play. Alfieris office represents the law. The apartment symbolises family links, and the apartment above is not seen and therefore it means the unpredictable events. The street is where feelings are released, the fight occurs in the street and Beatrices conflict with Eddie. The stage directions are the most essential dramatic device in the play. They bring the play to life and show how the characters interact Eddie is pleased and therefore shy about it. This stage direction displays Eddies true feeling which there is no dialogue to express. Some matters cannot be openly discussed, so are shown in gesture and action. When Catherine serves Eddies food, or lights a cigar for him, this illustrates the relationship they have. For a 1950s audience, the lighting of a cigar would be a very symbolic action. Stage directions can also show a buildup of tension. For example when Lois and Mike talk to Eddie about Rodolfo, Eddie tries to infer that Rodolfo is homosexual and he wants them to support his accusation. However, Lois and Mike do not submit to this. They try and disguise Eddies suggestion with gradual laughter until they finally explode in laughter, showing the release of tension as they leave. In the scene where Eddie kisses both Rodolfo and Catherine, the kisses are a very effective way of generating drama. For an audience in 1955, the double kiss would have been scandalous. Eddie kissing Catherine proposes incest and Eddies kiss with Rodolfo is demonstrating his supposed homosexuality. Both kisses repel the audience and Eddie loses the audiences sympathy further when he calls immigration. Miller maintains these dramatic techniques to build up tension to keep the audience stimulated in such way that they would into the play. The devices work together to form an exciting, effective, enjoyable play.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Competency To Stand Trial

On the night of February 4th, police responded to a call at the home of Mr. and Mrs. Wilson. They had been shot and killed; the only other person in the home was the Wilson’s 25 year old son Edward. Subsequently Edward was arrested and charged with two counts of first degree murder. Edward was found to be incompetent to stand trial; now that he has come to the facility where I work for restoration of competency I am responsible for providing a re-evaluation of competency.Knowing Edward’s past mental issues and suicide attempt a few years back there are many things that I would need to take note of before and during the evaluation process. First I would want to obtain information from Edward’s previous doctors, specifically the one who first had diagnosed Edward and prescribed him his medication; even interview the doctor if possible. To aid in the behavioral research I would want to interview Edward’s school teachers to have record of progress and behavior in school.Also, I would want to review school transcripts to see if there was any deterioration of grades and/or behavior. I would want to interview family members and friends to determine any previous rage or anger issues Edward had previously displayed, besides the one(s) already noted. â€Å"Competency to stand trial, is a legal construct that usually refers to a criminal Defendant’s ability to participate in legal proceedings related to an alleged offense† (Mossman, Noffsinger, Ash, Frierson, Gerbasi, Hackett, Lewis, Pinals, Scott, Sieg, Barry, Wall, Zonana, 2007) or.Can be defined as having the capacity mentally to understand and be aware of what was happening as far as the court proceedings the defendant was involved in, as well as being able to communicate and understand information between attorneys. In order to be considered competent to stand trial there are numerous questions that the defendant would need to be able to answer and/or comprehend. Some example s of these questions would be, does the defendant understand what he or she is being charged with, and does he or she understand why?Does the defendant understand the various verdicts from the outcome of the trial, and the possible consequences of each verdict (Forensic Checklist)? There are many instruments to assist with the evaluation assessment, such as the Competency assessment instrument (CAI). In order to assess Edward and his competency to stand trial I would ask him whether or not he was able to communicate relative information to the attorney about the night in question, I would assess his decision making ability when it related to the crimes Edward was charged with.I would ask Edward if he understood the roles of the defense counsel, the judge, the prosecutor and other players in the trial process. I would assess Edward’s view of the crime and the way others would perceived him if found guilty, whether or not people would be in fear of Edward because of the nature of the crime. I would the ask Edward to describe what happened on the night in question, who was there and the timeline of events of that night; I would see if he understood why the police had arrested him and what led up to the arrest.(Whitlock, Feix, Banner, Gerdes, Santina, Trageser, 2012)Besides the interview questions I would assess and evaluate Edward’s demeanor and the way he upheld his appearance. I would evaluate the hand gestures, if any, facial expressions, how in-depth he thought about the answers to the questions I asked, and his overall actions on the outside, or physically. You can tell a lot about a person with the way they carry themselves, their hygiene for instance can tell you if the person is incapable of caring for himself or maybe they have poor hygiene practices.After assessing Edward’s competency level his awareness and his ability to comprehend reality, I do not think that Edward is competent to stand trial. Given his diagnosis of paranoid sch izophrenia and his inability to control the symptoms without medication, along with his past incidents involving anger, rage and violence I do not think Edward would react in an appropriate manner if he was provoked or just had a violent outburst. Considering the charges of first degree murder I believe for the safety of him and others he should be deemed incompetent to stand trial.Because Edward has been found to be incompetent to stand trial, the court proceedings will be put on hold while her continues to receive treatment until his competency has been restored (Frontline, 2013). I believe with continued treatment including medication taken consistently and counseling and observation Edwards’s competency to stand trial will be restored in a few more months. If I had to choose the theory of criminal behavior that would best conceptualize Edward’s behavior I would choose biological, and psychological. Biological, because his condition that he was diagnosed with is a d isorder of the brain, which is biological?Something in his brain has distorted reality and has made him paranoid, hear see and think things that were abnormal and delusional. These symptoms can be controlled with the use of medication when they are take, and again these points to a biological behavior. I chose psychological because in order for somebody to commit murder there must be something wrong in the way they think. This could be attributed to the biological issue of having a disorder of the brain but I feel if that is the case then biological and psychological factors would go hand in hand.Regardless, either way there is an illness in Edwards’s brain that can be associated with biological factors which would in turn lead to the psychological factors and behaviors. If I was on the stand and the judge asked me to assess Edwards risk of future violence, I would tell him Edward is probably unstable. Taking into consideration his past violent outbursts, the fact that he is on medication that controls symptoms of paranoid schizophrenia and the nature of the crime he is being charged with I would inform the judge there is a strong possibility that Edward could have more violent episodes in the future.I would not be able to say for certain but given the facts I would lean very strongly in the direction of him being a threat to himself and others. For those who have been deemed imp competent to stand trial and are put into inpatient treatment, form specialty groups. These specialty groups while in treatment watch video tapes and are given special instructions on how the court processed works. (Greene, 2012) This is the specialty groups I feel Edward would need to fit into for treatment and counseling and would help restore competency.I am hoping that within a couple months of treatment Edward would be able to stand trial and be fairly tried for the crime committed. After assessing Edward and revaluating his competency I have found that even though he has mental issues and is on medication for his diagnosed issue, restoration of his competency to stand trial is a possibility. There is no fear of malingering in Edward’s case, although if there were an issue with a fear of malingering there are tools to help decipher whether or not an individual is trying to fake an incompetency when it comes it to standing trial.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

Geography Essay - 2204 Words

Introduction and Climate The state of Hawaii is composed of 132 islands, reefs and shoals that extend for over 1500 miles across the central North Pacific Ocean from the quot;Big Islandquot; of Hawaii to midway and Kure Atolls. The eight main islands of Hawaiian Archipelago include Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Molokai, Lanai, Nihau and Kahoolawe (listed in order of size) which extend for only 350 miles at the south-eastern end of the volcanic mountain chain. Hawaii includes some of the earth’s largest mountains, rising from oceanic depths of greater than 18,000 feet to a height above sea level of nearly 14,000 feet. Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa on the Big Island are volcanic mountains with a total relief of 32,000 feet. The entire Island of†¦show more content†¦The West side of the Island has near desert-like conditions, while the summit of Waialeale is the wettest spot in the world, with an average rainfall of almost 500 inches per year. Normally, the rugged, mountainous interior has much more rain fall than the coastal areas where most communities are located. The Maritime Tropical air mass highly influences Kalalau Valley, Kauai. With its warm and humid weather that it brings in we see how the Island of Kauai goes from stable to conditionally unstable. The convectional lifting of the air masses around the Island of Kauai shows how an air mass passes a maritime source and it causes lifting in the air mass. If the conditions of the Island are unstable then the lifting is sustained and clouds develop. This is why the temperatures and the rainfall vary with certain spots. For example, Average rainfall ranges from 35 inches at poipu Beach to 444 inches at the summit of Waialeale. The general circulation that influences Kalalau Valley is the Northeast trade winds. The subtropical high and the southeast trade winds affect the valley as well. 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Wednesday, January 1, 2020

Communication Channels Paper - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1153 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Industry Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Communication Essay Information Essay Did you like this example? Communication Channels Paper HCS/320 Judd Shank Erin Griffin August 23, 2010 Communication is split into two parts one being the message or content and the channel it’s transmitted on. For example, you may want to communicate something about your emotional state, let’s say you are happy. You can communicate that over a variety of channels. They are writing a letter, sending an email, communicate it non-verbally or para-verbally, tape recording, etc. , of how excited you are. The way health care organizations disseminated health information internally are in a variety of ways. The varieties of ways are memos, emails, letters, and telephone, and person to person. Health care organizations also disseminate health information externally as well. The varieties of ways externally are telephones, letters, email and memos, and person to person. What is important is that the different communication channels have different strengths and weaknesses (Bascal Associates, 2 008). The ways health care organizations disseminate health information internally are in a variety of ways. Internally in an organization there are many different ways each member of staff is disseminating health information to patients and other staff members. A staff member would not speak to a patient the same way they would another staff member. A patient might not understand some of the medical terminology as another staff member would. The key to finding the joy in practicing medicine lies in communicating with patients about their whole being rather than just focusing on their ailments, says dermatologist Steve Shama, M. D. (Gagnon, 2004). Staff in health care organizations also communicates via email, memos, and letters and on tape. Doctors would more than likely send emails and on tape as well to other doctors about patients’ diagnosis and prognosis. Memos are generally used from higher department heads to lower department staffing for a reminder about meeting s or any other information from department to department. The success of health care delivery depends greatly upon open channels of communication between the health care provider and the patient (Diaz-Duque, 1989). To compare and contrast the variety of channels communication is passed internally and externally. Health care organizations use technology a lot to dispense their communication internally and externally. Clinics and hospitals use the intra-net which is the internet through only that organization for some of the employees. Certain computers do not have internet but are able to use the intra- net through the organization. Clinics and hospitals use this type of communication to pass on reminders, memos, letters, directions and etc. to other employees within the organization. Communications can be facilitated by technology. Healthcare providers organize practices, hospitals, and nursing homes have tremendous needs to effectively communicate their organizations and betw een their organizations. The focus on electronic medical records comes not only from the need to communicate but also from a desire to reduce administrative costs and to improve services and quality of care to patients. Frustration with the inadequacies of a paper chart-filing system drives providers in all delivery venues toward technology at an increase rate. Implementation barriers to technology adoption in medical practices can be overcome by incremental approaches and knowledge- transfer assistance from affiliated community healthcare partners such as hospitals (Nelson, 2005). | Using the intra-net or even the internet throughout organizations is more beneficial then mailing their correspondence because the intra-net or internet is there within minutes compared to a regular letter or other type of correspondence from one organization or person to the next that could take days or even weeks depending on where it is being sent to. Another channel organizations use internall y and externally is a telephone. Clinics and hospitals use telephones by receiving and calling patients, pharmacies, other medical staff, and the general public for other reasons. Using this type of channel clinics and organizations could run into the problem that the phone number is disconnected or change of number of the other business or person they are calling. Fax machines are another channel of communication through many organizations of health care. Nursing homes use ax machines a lot to pass communication to pharmacies, physicians, and labs. Mainly fax machines are used for their own business purposes and not to fax other patient information over to other places. Faxes are another form of communication that is instantly received and sent to the respondent. Is there room for improvements for communication within organizations? Yes, there is room for improvements for communication within organizations. I believe that all hospitals, nursing homes, and clinics should go to the E lectronic Medical Records. They are more beneficial to the staff and even the patients. I feel they are more beneficial to the staff because all the information they need for the patients they are tending too are right there in one spot instead of a bunch of papers in a chart. EMR charts are just a click there and there is the information for the staff. Also the EMR is beneficial to the patients because a paper could be lost in translation and on the EMR their information can be saved in the observation room right then and there. Electronic medical records can send prescriptions to the pharmacy of the patient’s choice right there at the appointment of that patient. The computer also gives the staff information of what type of medication that patient can have if they are expecting a child and more medical situations. It is informational for the staff instead of having to leave the patient until the end of the appointment. Communication is split into two parts one being t he message or content and the channel it’s transmitted on. For example, you may want to communicate something about your emotional state, let’s say you are happy. You can communicate that over a variety of channels. They are writing a letter, sending an email, communicate it non-verbally or para-verbally, tape recording, etc. , of how excited you are. The way health care organizations disseminated health information internally are in a variety of ways. The varieties of ways are memos, emails, letters, and telephone, and person to person. Health care organizations also disseminate health information externally as well. The varieties of ways externally are telephones, letters, email and memos, and person to person. Communication has many channels of how it is dispensed to and from other organizations and people in general. It is all how it is used and received. References Bascal Associates. (2008-2010). Communication channels are important, what are communication channels and why are they important. Retrieved on August 17, 2010 from https://www. work911. com Diaz-Duque, O. (1989). Communication barriers in medical settings: Hispanics in the United States. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 7993. Retrieved from SocINDEX with Full Text database. Gagnon, L. (2004). Listening, hearing, being in the moment leads to success, satisfaction. Dermatology Times, 25(11), 78. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier Database. Rosemarie Nelson. (2005). Connecting the Providers in Your Healthcare Community: One Step at a Time. Frontiers of Health Services Management,  22(2),  13-28. Retrieved August 22, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Communication Channels Paper" essay for you Create order